I am at UCBA to pursue my degree in Nursing. I decided to choose this section at this time of day because I can actually focus more and not sleep! I am from Cincinnati, OH. My major is Nursing. I am also a person who thrives on being challenged and I always have new goals to achieve, and so nursing suits me as few other careers offer as much diversity and learning opportunities. I am compassionate and so my qualities point me in the direction of nursing. Trying to put others first is always going to be my goal. Working 2nd shift at Cincinnati Children’s is one of my jobs that I find very interesting. Types of soft skills that I could offer up is to accomplish a survey and listen to what others feel or think.

Prompt 1. The activities of the individuals discussed in Plessy V Ferguson match Swales’s benchmarks for a discourse community because of the way the decision in the Civil Rights Cases made it increasingly difficult to depend on written law to guarantee equal rights for freedmen. Also that the way Discourse communities is extravagantly emphasized throughout Swales’s essay

Prompt 2. The Discourse Community spread the “knowldege” they were responsible for creating by the 6 main criterias.

Prompt 3. The thinking/writing/and talking of the special interest group I chose to write about set the foundation of American Jim Crow Laws

Samuel George Morton was an empiricist of polygeny.

Morton describes how the 600 skulls are extraordinary and that the collection by itself only could mean a trip to Africa.

Morton’s summary chart on page 82 was about the skull measures because he measured their capacity. In this section, this is what his argument was based solely on.

Blacks’ drawings were surveyed by Morton and he says that the blacks were invariably depicted as menials. This meaning that it was a sure sign that they maintained their appropriate biological roles at all

Strivings of the Negro People

William E.B DuBois established himself as the foremost African American intellectual of the Twentieth century.

A Founder of NAACP

Du Bois became a spokesperson for a more assertive stance from blacks.

Du Bois describes “double consciousness”, the sense of identity thrust upon black Americans living in a world in which white political and economic leaders assumed that to be American was to be white.

The second decade of the American negro’s freedom was a period of conflict, of inspiration and doubt, of faith and vain questionings.

Du Bois strives for education. the right to vote and civil equality.

The gap for Frederick Hoffman’s ‘Race Amalgamation’ is that he is writing about the segregation issues between whites and blacks down south. Hoffman wants the readers to feel if what he says about having babies with women of other races is horrifying because that is what he led me to believe.

The writer’s thesis statement is that blacks and whites shall not be together interracially because there are going to be aftermaths.

A reason the writer provides that his thesis is ethical or valid is the way he classifies as 2 different races being together is inferior and it will cause the offspring to be unintelligent.

Evidence Hoffman provides is according to the book on page 80 it states, “And it may be said, only with emphasis, that the cross- breed of white men and colored women is, as a rule, a product inferior to both parents, physically and morally.” Also the measures he uses to an extent.

The unstated beliefs would be if he had witnessed something like what he says and why he’s sooo….. on the downside of interbreeding.

PVF

Frederick Ludwig Hoffman was an industrial worker back in 1884. He based most of his statistical analysis on the data produced by social science research.

Late 19^th century saw the rise of the professional social sciences, such as sociology, economics, political science, and anthropology, all of which established their credentials by relying on detailed measurement and seemingly objective statistical data.

You can tell that on page 78, it has been figured out that race has been used in many different types of ways. Also that today there still is no clear definition of race.

Blacks or African Americans are often times awkwardly referred to as colored.

Discrimination is something that is still in the world today but, it isn’t as famous as how it was before, especially in the southern states of the United States.

According the book on page 80 it states, “And it may be said, only with emphasis, that the cross- breed of white men and colored women is, as a rule, a product inferior to both parents, physically and morally. “This describes the relationship between whites and blacks in one way.

TMM

Morton excluded the latest Chinese specimen

Morton categorized his theories in 4 groups.

The 4 categories are

-Favorable inconsistencies and shifting criteria.

-Subjectively directed toward prior prejudice.

-Procedural omissions that seem obvious to us.

-Miscalculations and convenient omissions.

Evolutionary theory swept away the creationist rug that had supported the intense debate between monogenists and polygenists.

Swales’s article sucks because of lack of such interest. Talks about the same topic throughout the entire paper.

The reader wouldn’t be able to understand Swales’s depth of writing because of the way he goes through the essay very quickly.

What I think Swales sees as the gap in the conversation he’s

PVF

William J Cruikshank was in a group known as White League where they killed 69-100 blacks in Louisiana.

A campaigning was held to keep blacks from being a part of political processes.

The important parts of the 13th and 14th amendments were stressed during the above situation.

This occurred obviously during the time of segregation down south.

In Plessy’s argument on page 29, Louisiana argued that it’s law was a constitutionally mandated use of the state’s police powers.

According to the book, “For Justice Harlan, the majority decision violated rather than affirmed the constitution.”

TMM

In this part of Mismeasure of Man, the author is emphasizing how men are in civilized states.

On page 66, it states “blacks need not participate in the “equality of man”.

Louis Agassiz was an American theorist. Later became the leading spokesman for polygeny in America.

He(Agassiz) stood for human races in most of his arguments.

According to the essay Agassiz’s argument was The theory o f polygeny
does not constitute an attack upon the scriptural doctrine o f human
unity. Men are bound by a common structure and sympathy , even though races were created as separate species”.

Agassiz concludes that “legal freedom awarded to slaves in manumission must spur the enforcement of rigid social separation among races.”

The Mismeasure of Man begins with the introduction of an argument called biological determinism.

Different groups of races and sexes arise from different distinctions in society.

The determinists in the book decided to invoke science as objective knowledge, which is free from social and political taint, according to the reading.

You can tell that this book seeks out to find scientific weaknesses of determinists arguments.

The way biological determinism is expressed, it goes beyond it’s measure. It basically has a vast amount of explanation to it about biology and society in general.

Objectivity refers to measurement.

In The Mismeasure of Man, why isn’t Biological Determinism clearly defined to the point where it can be put into an actual explanation?

Gould defines biological determinism by same social norms and different social groups.

Two major sources of data that have supported the theme known as biological determinism is psychological testing and the idea of craniometry.

Things that biological determinists have invoked when it comes to the issue of race would be politics not associated with science.

Biological determinism is useful for those many groups in power and social norms.

Changes to a social and political system based on a racial caste system seen as an extension of nature is social economics.

Gould’s arguments against biological determinism begin by attacking Geocentrism, reitification.

Gould says that his book is about intelligence an such thoughts.

“In most cases discussed in this book, we can be fairly certain that biases -though often expressed as egregiously as in cases of fraud – were unknowingly..

Gould describes biological determinism as a theory of limits because there will alaways be a limit to things. What is going to be seen is what is going to always be.

PLESSY V FERGUSON A BRIEF HISTORY WITH DOCUMENTS

1. Mixed Race/ Interbreeding
2. The Segregation laws to be granted unconstitutional.
3. His race wasn’t really noticeable. A lot could not tell that he was a white person.
4. 1, Interstates. 2, Intra states
5. Civil- Rights that protect people from government infringement on personal liberties. Political-Help protect people against discrimination and race when participating in political activity. 
6. Civil Rights Laws are able to be treated with protection.
7. Political Law to be used interchangeably.
8. The white Butchers were the first group to bring a case before the Supreme Court.