Mirabelli describes the purpose of this chapter by trying to tell us readers to not get service work and servitude mixed up. He believes they are like the sky and the ground.

When a waiter is using the menu at Lou’s, being literate means that they can explain every bit of what the customer needs to know when it comes to serving them and also what the foods can taste like. It basically is a way to say that the waiter has knowledge about the restaurant’s environment.

Waiters ‘get the jump’ in the dining restaurants by using foreign languages and also that waiters can make suggestions. Bigger tabs can mean bigger tips. Multiliteracies are present to show workers that they read people and situations and not just basic texts.

In discourse communities, you are learning to socialize with others in groups! Also that being a service worker, you have to balance a lot of things.

Mirabelli constructs his goal throughout his essay by his use of rhetoric. Mirabelli develops his credibility (ethos) at the beginning. He starts off with what he does and his schooling. What goes at the top of the rhetorical triangle is his sharing of the difference between service workers and servitude.

The readers: People who maybe had jobs as service workers and those who know what it’s like to work as a waitress because you wouldn’t really know what it’s like until you take a walk in their shoes TBH.

The Gap: People don’t know the skills servers have! People are not appreciating what waitresses and service workers are doing for them.

Tony Mirabelli is a lecturer at University of California-Berkeley, whom wrote an essay of theories about language use in communities. He bases his arguments from discourse communities and multiliteracies.

Bitterwaitress.com is a new worker produced website within the service industry.

In societal institutions, literacy seems to be defined by standardized tests and individual students.

The menu is a text that is shared by the general public and used by the individual patron to satisfy a private appetite. It is also ready-made consumable goods sold for profit.

The use of linguistic devices like obfuscating descriptions isn’t very usual, according to Mirabelli.

Mirabelli is comparing Lou’s restaurant to other diners saying that they have just a long list of what to eat instead of those simpler ones.

Also that Mirabelli goes on to say that “Being able to take a customer’s order without him or her reading the menu are important ways of expressing friendliness and family at Lou’s”.

Mirabelli has decided in the end that the customer has ultimate authority over the waiter/waitress. I, in my opinion, feel the same way.

Mirabelli concluded in his last statement that “The low status of waitressing belies the complex nature of this kind of work and that innovative and creative ways in which such workers use language.

What is the purpose of Stein’s challenging essay? The purpose of Stein’s challenging essay is to give readers the idea that he wants to bring down his opponents. Also to emphasize his viewpoint of the Yankees fans at the time. This occurred during war time so, that is something which might’ve triggered in one area of his writing of Americans going to war.

1. How does Swales explain what he means when he writes that speech communities are centripetal while discourse communities are centrifugal? (471) Swales explanation of speech communities being centripetal is that these tend to bring people and their goals closer together and discourse communities being centrifugal tend to send people further away. That separates them and their goals.
2. According to Swales, what are the six defining characteristics of a discourse community? (471-473)

1. broad agreed set of goals.

2. mechanism of intercommunication among 12 its members.

3. provides useful information and feedback

4.uses one or more genres in the communitative furtherance of its aims

5. acquires some specific lexis and genre.

6. has threshold level of members with suitable degree of relevant content and discoursal expertise.

1. In your own words, what does Swales point out as the problems of the concept of discourse community? (478) The problems that Swales points out as the problems of the concept of discourse communities is that they end up splitting with too much ideas still unveiling.

Re-read “The Concept of Community Discourse,” which is both on Canvas and the home page of the class blog. When you’re done this time, answer these questions: 

1. Who is the writer of this article (like more than his name–what important, pertinent info can you found out about him online)? John Swales is an author who wants his audience to take a walk in his shoes. He was born in United Kingdom and that tells a lot about his view on discourse communities.
2. Who do you think he imagined as his perfect audience of readers? Those interested in research and certain other groups of people in different communities.
3. What do you think, in your own words, is the issue this article is trying to address? Swales walks us through the speech by emphasizing his 6 criterias. These help us to better understand his viewpoint that discourse communities are made up of the common goals.
4. In your own words, what do you think that Swales imagined as the gap between what he had found out about discourse community versus what his readers already knew about the concept of discourse community? Swales imagined as the gap between what he had found out about discourse community versus what his readers already knew about the concept of discourse community is that the goals are public and not very personal.

The audiences and correlated aim of argument that Stein is trying to deploy would be the ones who are more or less of a Yankees fan.

Stein is portraying himself in a not so friendly manner. He just wants to get right to point of his speech.

In the conversation, I think Stein sees

The danger of an essay like this one would be other folks taking it too far and going about and commenting on it to make it seem as if its really that serious.

John Swales created an argument over constructed nature of language and discourse communities.

Analyzing comes with knowing the genre, situtations, rhetoric, and conventions in a text or speech.

Discourse communities is about the irrespective of the merits of clusters of ideas.

The 6 characteristics of the Discourse Community

1. broad agreed set of goals.

2. mechanism of intercommunication among 12 its members.

3. provides useful information and feedback

4.uses one or more genres in the communitative furtherance of its aims

5. acquires some specific lexis.

6. has threshold level of members with suitable degree of relevant content and discoursal expertise.

The intended readers are the Time magazine readers . The writer deliberately calls them out in his speech as “You yankee haters”. Values that the reader and writer seem to have in common would be

Yes, Stein is using techniques mentioned on the last readings. He created an effective argument. He goes on to share his thoughts throughout the article.

The audiences and correlated aim of argument that Stein is trying to deploy would be the ones who are more or less of a Yankees fan.

A good piece of writing starts off with a good foundation. Once the writer achieves this, the reader is most likely going to be interested in reading the writing.

Authors can find ways to connect their inner emotions with the readers.

The key point to developing a nice moral towards the story is having a good thesis and well supporting details.

An effective argument comes with a deep understanding of the people who are against your point.

Developing, shaping, and writing arguments can have many purposes.

When arguing in a speech or text, the author can choose to be on many sides, whether they’re for or against.

The classical way of viewing an argument tends to make readers picture the text visually so that they can interpret what they are reading.

Researching your topic, defining terms, and using evidence effectively are great techniques to better writing.

It is very important to state facts from personal opinions. Also that personal experiences have to strong evidence.

Writing is supposed to always appeal to readers. Ethos, Pathos, and Logos are general appeals.

Ethos is the developing credibility, Pathos is emotions, Logos is simply logic or facts.

When reading your research, it is important that a common ground is established.

Fallacies in general are mistakes. Relevant fallacies are the ones that are presented as evidence but, no reason for them to be there.

Argumentative essays are to have refutations, that way the stance is accurate.

Understanding the parts of the question and outlining your personal response is vital to taking exams.

Presenting a clear argument and Proofreading your work makes an effective essay. Especially one with many personal experiences.

LIST 1

• Familiar Faces
• Easy work
• Teamwork
• Support

LIST 2

• Unfamiliar faces
• Tests
• No support

Its important to glance over the text before you start reading.

We read for a variety of reasons. Whether to learn new things or find pleasure.

In college, its best to aways read actively so that way you can actually understand what you’re reading.

When reading short texts, make sure to read very quickly so you’ll know what the main idea is.

Rereading short texts calmly and slowly help so that you can reflect on what you’re reading.

Reading through texts critically helps you to better reinforce the writer’s arguments and contradictions.

Opinions and beliefs are supported by facts. The author’s assumptions can be valid or invalid.

Rhetorical Analysis is what the author uses to build up the entire purpose of a text. The author does this through credibility, emotions, logic…etc

When rhetoric is present in a text, its usually an argumentative text.

Authors write in ways that’ll fit their style of writing. SOAPStone is a great way to influence an author’s point in a text.

Readers can gather up their feelings towards how a writer present their text. Sometimes, by the way the author uses rhetoric and how they portray their intentions.